Major-5 assignment
Name:sarvaiya Prarthanaba Sukhdevsinh
Sub: Major-5
Date: 5/9/2025
College: Maharani shree Nandkuvarba mahila arts and commerce college
Major-5 Assignment
Home assignment
The Nature and elements of literature.....
➡ literature is composed of those books, and of those books only, which, in the first place, by reason of their subject-matter and their mode of treating it ,are of general human interest; and in which, in the second place,the element of form and the pleasure which form be regarded as essential.piece of literature differs from a specialised treatise on astronomy, political economy , philosophy, or .even history in part because it appeals, not to a particular class of readers only ,but to men and women as men and women ;and in part because ,while the object of the treatise is simply to impact knowledge, one Ideal and of the piece of literature ,weather it also impacts knowledge or not ,is to yield aesthetic by the manner in which it handles its theme.
What is Literature? what makes literature 'literature' in a true sense? what is the relationship between literature and life?
WH Hudson's Tome, An introduction to the study of literature is a primary and significant work that defines literature' and makes student of literature aware of how they should study literature .the very opening of the first chapter ,entitled "some ways of studying literature " draws a boundary line between the books of literature in literary sense and books which cannot be regarded as literature and defines literature.
Hudson says that the world literature is loosely used in everyday communication. in common sense, literature means whatever that is written or printed .it is a really difficult to differentiate literature from mere documents. There are some books such as railway guides or cookery which provide information about some specific subjects, whereas some books like the paradise lost or sartor and resartus appeal to our heart. he says that the critic like Charles lamb dose not consider works or hume, gibbon, and Josephus as literature ,whereas the critic like Hallam considers even the books of theology or medicine as literature .so there is no concrete criterion for making true literature different from mere writings.
Having confronted this difficulty ,Hudson gives three criteria that make literature 'literature' in true sense. These three features are:
1.General human interest :
This refers to the Portrayal of essential human experience magnetising all irrespective of time, age , and place. the work of literature does not appeal to a particular mass of the people of a particular Era, but touches the heart of all from whatever corner of the world a work of literature is not General biassed or time bound; it appeals to young and old literate or illiterate. Thus a work of literature always has subject matter of general human interest whereas mere writing is useful to a particular group of people and is always time bound.
2. Element of form:
Harsan is of the opinion that element of form is an essential factor that constitutes literature Mere writing does have a particular form but this type of form does not provide artistic pleasure where form of literary work pleases the heart of readers .in poetic form the use of rhyming schemes ,matres and figurative language Makes reading pleasant. Form of literature work changes from writer to writer on other hand Mere writing has fixed format. thus a work of literature has an element of form which imparts pleasure.
3. Aesthetic pleasure:
The world aesthetic denotes :A.innovative Complex use of language and form B. artistic Unity C. use of literary techniques and D. Lack of obviouspolitical connect. A work of literature is mostly created on the precept of " Art of Arts sake " - which means are does not have to serve any function except giving pleasure. literature's primary function is to give pleasure whereas a Mere piece of writing aims at providing information ascending pleasure is a Hallmark of good literature.
Thus, Hudson makes it clear that these three factor make literature, 'literature' he rightly says, "literature is composed of those and those books only, which in the first place by the reason of their subject matter and their mode of treating it, are of General human interest." on the basic of these criteria he, defines literature in this way -
"Literature is the vital record of what men have seen in life, what they have experienced of it, what they have thought and felt about these aspects of it which have the most immediate and enduring interest for all of us. it is thus fundamentally an expression of Life thought medium of language".
This definition of literature makes the relationship between literature and life clear. Hudson says ," a great book grows directly out of life; in reading it we are brought into large, close ,and fresh relations with life; and in that fact lies the final explanation of its power." "literature comes out of human life; it reflects the life of the era in which it is produced. Literature is nothing else but important record of what man have perceived in the world. in Literature , the writer artistically reports his experience of life; he gives world's to those interesting incidence of life which have general human interest. literature is an artistic expression of the best that is known and thought in the world. it is record oh man's dreams and ideas , he is failures and achievements, his disappointments and pleasures; he is motives and passions ,and he is experience and observations. as literature is a product of life ,while reading it we are brought of large, close, and fresh relation of most enduring except of life.
To conclude , we can say that hudson believes that literature is the literary product of life. thus ,in the opening of the first chapter, he defines literature , gives concrete criteria that make literature and finally he convince us to believe that there is a direct relation between literature and life.
Class Assignment
Classification of literature ......
➡ the classification of literature into genres and form is not arbitrary but rooted fundamental impulse. Each genre - weather poetry drama narrative or descriptive prose emphasises different aspects of th human experience based on these impulses.
1. Overlap and complexity:
Even though we categorise literature into types they often mix together because life itself is complex . a story might have both emotions and vivid descriptions, reflecting the richness of human experience . this overlap reflects the multifaceted nature of human experience and ensures that literature remains rich and divers.
2. Purpose and audience:
Literature serves the dual purpose of allowing writers to share their experience and emotions while also engaging and resonating with readers. it creates a dialogue between writer and audience , where both parties find meaning and connection thought the written world.
3. Evolution and interest in Literature:
Impulses behind literature :
What are the impulvses behind literature?
Literature grows directly out of life, so it is oblivious that in life itself we have to search for its sources . Hudson, in "some ways of studying literature ,"discusses for Major impulses that have given birth to the various form of literary expression . the four impulses that Hudson talks about are:
1.our Desire for self expression:
Hudson says that, "we are strongly impelled to confide to others what we think and feel ." all of us have a natural Desire to express ourselves. we always want to open our hearts to others . we wish to express our feelings and thoughts to others. this desire for self expression results into the production of literature . A piece of literature is an expression of a writers mind and heart, his emotions and ideas. those our desire for self expression is the first and primary impulses that give birth to literature.
2. Our interest in people and their doings:
"We are intensely interested in men and women ,their lives, movies ,relationships, " admits Hudson . our interest in the lives of other people and their doing gives birth of literature . as human being we cannot live quite aloof from others . we always like to know about other people, their thoughts, their feelings ,their problems, and their resistance to certain problem, there achievements and limitations, and their success and failure . in order to know other people , their thoughts the ways of their life, and their customs and lives, we read - write literature.
3. Our interest in world of reality and imagination:
The two reasons that stimulate the production of literature are :man's interest in the world of reality and man's is escape from the word of reality to the world of imagination. as a man , we are always interested in what is going on around us , what is happening around us. as a man of thoughts also we are eager to know the things around us, the realities of the world . our interest in this world of realities results in the production of literature.
Many times ,man is fed up with the word of realities . he wants to escape into the word of imagination where he experience mental bliss . men creates his own world, the word of imagination and lives a peaceful life away from the word of bitter realities . the word of fantasy and fantasy makes our life better than the real world . This also results in the production of literature . the World's great literature is the mix product of the word of realities and imagination.
4. Our love for form as form :
Themes and classification of literature:
What are the subjects, purposes, or themes of literature? how does Hudson classify them in the first chapter?
Hudson's An introduction to the study of literature is an interesting guide for the beginners of literature. he does not simply define the literature in first chapter but also classifies literature theme wise and content wise .he says that literature comes out of life, hence life is a primary theme of literature ,but later he confirms five theme of literature.
Various themes of literature:
There are various themes of literature. the five broad themes of literature, according to hudson are:
1. The personal experience of individual as individual:
This includes the things which make up the sum total of the writer's personal life. it suggests that literature deals with the personal thoughts, ideas, experience, problems and achievements of a writer's life. literature is an experience of the writers personal life as well . whatever experience man is having as an individual, he reports all these experiences in Literature with enough sincerity.
2. The experience of man as man:
Some experience of Man as man are always the same, such as, the great common questions of life and death ,sin and destiny, God and man's relation to God ,and ,the general fate of human race. literature deals with all these aspects of man's life as man. in this way ,these form one of the major themes of literature.
3. The relations of individual with entire social world:
The relation of an individual with his fellows, or entire social world, also forms an essential theme of literature. literature, in fact, is the relation of Man's relation with the whole world ,his response to society and his problems with the world. how man acts or reacts to the world that literature shows US.
4. The external world of nature and our relation to it:
Man lives in the lap of nature.nature has a great importance in the life of man .man cannot think of his own existence without nature . nature is a good friend of men .and hence, it is for sure that nature finds expression in all activities of man, including literature . in Literature, we find expression of the writers love of nature and the relation of humans with it.
5. Man's effort to create and Express under the various forms of literature and art:
Man, by his nature, is unable to keep his experience ,observations, emotions, ideas to himself ,but he is on the contrary under the stress of constant desire of expressing these to others and for that he chooses various channels of expression . Thus man's own effort to create and Express under the various forms of literature and art form this themes of literature.
Followed by these five themes of literature, Hudson discusses "five classes of production. "these five classes are the theme based classification of literature.
Essay
Importance of saving money
Saving money is an important aspect that every individual should consider in their life . it is essential to save for the future as it provide financial stability during on emergency or difficult time . saving money helps to achieve financial goals and builds a strong foundation for financial planning
By saving money individuals can create Corpus or a fund that can be used for investment such as buying a house, setting up a business ,or investing in the stock market.it also helps individual to overcome any unpredictable economic crisis.
In addition to providing financial security saving money helps in building a disciplined and responsible attitude towards money management it teaches us to differentiate between necessary and frivolous expenses, there by helping in curbing unnecessary spending habits.
Saving money also enables individuals to enjoy small pleasures of life that require money and helps in building a better future for one selfie and family. it is not just limitted to saving for retirement but also for important life events like wedding, children's education, or any travel plans it create a sense of security and peace of mind.
In conclusion, saving money is on essential part of financial planning and every individual should include this habit to achieve financial independence ,security, and peace of mind. it is always better to have a financial cushion to fall back on incase of any uncertainties. Therefore ,saving money should be considered as a Priority by everyone.
Thank you
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